Alternate-current generator and motor.



' PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907. A. HEYLAND.

ALTERNATE CURRENT GENERATOR AND MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. 1902.

a sums-$113M 1.

No. 865,701. v PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907.

AfHEYLAND. ALTERNATE CURRENT GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907.

: A. HEYLAND.

ALTEENATE CURRENT GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

" APPLICATION FILED JUNEQ, 1902.

' 3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

ALEXANDER HEYLAND, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

ALTEBHATE CURRENT GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented sept. 10, 1907.

Application filed June 9, 1902. Serial No. 110,968.

To all whom it may comem:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER HEYLAND, a subject of the German Emperor,and a resident and having my post-office address at Brussels, 32 Rue duMarteau, Belgium, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inAlternate-Current Generators and Motors, of which the following is aspecification.

The object of my invention is to provide a new efficient method ofcompounding, under as well as over compounding, alternating currentgenerators or motors and relates to those of similar construction asdescribed by Gorges, Patent 510,534, Dec. 12, 1893, Wilson, Patent688,805, Decemberld, 1901, and in my specification, -Serial No. 93,763,and others.

Alternating current synchronous or asynchronous motors or generators forsingle or polyphase currents can be made self exciting by means of acommutator and brushes to which alternating current is supplied.

' rents if the load is inductive.

This commutator device connected directly or indirectly with the rotorwinding transforms the alternating current and makes it suitable for theexcitation of the machines.

Asynchronous induction machines which are made self-exciting by means ofa commutator and brushes have the characteristic feature of having noarmature reaction for watt currents. Such machines have a rotor withoutpole-pieces and a winding connectedwith a commutator having a number ofsegments which is a multiple of the number of poles. The field producedin these machines is not fixed with regard to the poles but can move asin the rotor of an induction motor, 2'. e. the machines areasynchronous.

In machines of this character it is well known that the field developedby the induced currents in rotor revolves asynchronously with relationwith'that developed by the currents in the stator.

As pointed out in my specification, Serial No. 93,763, Filed Feby. 12,1902, in the machines of the type referred to, the induction currents inthe rotor are equal but oppositely directed to the working currents inthe stator if the machine is loaded with a non-inductive load, or to thewatt components of the working cur- These induction currents thereforeannihilate the demagnetizing influence of the stator ampere turns andthe result is, that the machine is compound. if loaded with anon-inductive load, without any special arrangement. These inductioncurrents however are not oppositely directed to the wattless currents inthe stator and cannot annihilate these currents. The wattless componentof the working current will therefore still have its full demagnetizinginfluence and cause a drop of pressure. This counteraction will beclearly understood on reference to Figure 7 hereinafter referred to. Toannihilate this demagnetizing influence I supply the same rotor windingnot only with the exciting current but also with the principal currentby means of the same commutator and a. second set of brushes, or thesame set of brushes but connected in two different ways as explainedhereafter.

In the accompanying drawings Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 representan'asynchronous motor or generator of this type; Figs. 1 and 4 for asingle phase excitation and compounding; Figs. 3 and 5 for two-phase;and Figs. 2 and 6 for three-phase excitation'and compoundmg.

In diagram Fig. 1 the main stator windings in which the alternatingcurrent is generated are represented by I, the auxiliary winding whichsupplies the excitation by 1. The excitation can also be supplied by apart of the main winding or by a transformer connected to the statorterminals as described in my specification, Serial No. 93,763. E is therotor with its winding and commutator to which the exciting current issupplied by the brushes bb. The main current is supplied to the rotor bythe brushes BB in series with the main winding. These brushes BB makewith the brushes bb an angle of 90.

In Fig. 2-the three phases are indicated by I, II and III, the auxiliarywinding by 1, 2 and 3 and the brushes by bbb and BBB.

In Fig. 3 the phases are indicated by I and II, the

auxiliary winding by 1 and 2 and the brushes by bbbb and BBBB. I

' The second set of brushes for compounding, indicated The following isa compounding arrangement which is based on the same principle, but doesnot involve the use of an increased number of brushes. Let it bepresumed that according to Fig. 4 the auxiliary winding 2, whichsupplies the exciting current is so arranged that its electro-motiveforce is displaced ninety degrees relatively to the electro motive forcein the main winding I. It is thus obvious that the supply of current tothe armature must also have a displacement of ninety degrees, that is tosay, the additional brushes will occupy the same position as the brusheswhich supply the main current so that the same brushes will serve bothfor the main current and the exciting current (Fig. 4), and it will notbe necessary to increase the number of brushes. This latter arrangementis thus characterized by the feature that the same brushes are connectedto a main winding and to an auxiliary winding which windings are ofdifferent phase relatively to each other. This arrangement may beapplied to polyphase current machines as represented by Figs. 5 and 6. Atwo-phase machine (Fig. 5) would require four brushes B, while a ill) 'displacements of the currents phases is much less than the arithmeticalsum of the same currents. These arrangements are of course furthersusceptible of a large number of modifications. The brush currents neednot necessarily be taken directly from the windings; but may be obtainedin any suitable manner. In the arrangement with the combined brushes itwill be useful .to insert an ohmic resistances r in the excitation'circuit yiary winding.

Referring to Fig. 7 the line of commutation of the brushes BB for theintroduction of compounding current is represented by the line l'1 andthis line also represents the polar line of the stator winding. Thepolar line of the compounding current and of the stator windings aretherefore identical. The line of commutation of the exciting current atconstant potential is represented by the line 2-2 at right angle to theline My invention is applicable to multipolar machines in the samemanner as explained hereinbeiore for the sake of simplicity with regardto bi-polar machines. In the same way it will be possible to interchangethe rotating and the stationary parts and all arrangements in use forthe adjusting and regulating of compound machinery can be employed, forinstance ohmic resistances in parallel with the brushes.

Without limiting myself to the construction and arrangement shown, Iclaim:

1. In an alternating current dynamo electric machine. the combinationwith relatively movable windings, of a commutator connected to one ofsaid windings, brushes bearing upon said'commutator, a circuit having asensibly constant potential impressed upon it connected to certain ofsaid brushes, and a circuit carrying current' proportional to thecurrent in the other of said windings also connected toz-certain of saidbrushes, substantially as described. e

2. In a single or polypha'se alternating current motor or generator, thecombination with brushes and a commutator, of a winding connected tosaid commutator, a stator winding, and circuits connected to saidbrushes, one of said circuits having a potential proportional to that ofsaid stator winding impressed upon it for the purpose of exciting themachine with a sensibly constant current, and another of said circuitsbeing connected in series with the stator winding for the purpose ofsupplying to.the rotor a component increasing or decreasing with themain current to annihilate the armature reaction of the working current,substantially as described.

3. In :1 single or polyphase alternating current motor or generator, thecombination with a commutator, of a stator winding, a circuit having apotential proportional to that of the stator winding impressed upon it,for the purpose of exciting the machine with a sensibly constantcurrent, and another circuit connected in series with said statorwinding, for the purpose of supplying to the rotor a componentincreasing or decreasing with the main current to annihilate thearmature reaction of the working current, and a set of brushes common tosaid circuits, substantially as described In testimony whereof Ihavesigned my name to this specification in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

, ALEXANDER HEYLAND.

Witnesses Vonnnn Hnon'r, GREGORY PHELAN.

